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March 2022
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The following shares a correspondence I had with a Chinese-Vietnamese-Canadian scholar in the China Writers Group. "Xu Shen's [许慎] Lexicon [说文解字] is not a perfect source for Chinese etymology. It's not the poor man's fault. He didn't have Oracle Bones and archeology to help him with his research. For example, you had explained the word for "philosophy" [哲] at your Confucius-Plato lecture as a hand, an axe, and a mouth. On the surface, that is correct, but [哲] is actually a word with a phonetic component on top and a mouth below as the ideogram. But even that is incorrect. The earliest form of this word is a Bronze character [金文] with several variations. Check this one out. The top part is the phonetic [折], meaning "break," with the optional "eye" to indicate learning from observation. I would like to add that the phonetic may also carry the connotation "to break apart," hence to analyze. The lower ideogram is a "heart" rather than the "mouth" in the modern character. The heart is of course for learning and understanding, and in ancient Chinese culture, equivalent to the "mind." The phonetic [折] is a late derivative from Oracle Bones. It is incorrect to describe it as a hand and an axe. Check out the Oracle Bone character. Those are not hands on the left but a piece of wood cut in half by the axe on the right (the wood is broken, hence the meaning "break"). While the superficial etymology of philosophy [哲] is violent with a hand and an axe, and relates to expatiating with the mouth, the true etymology is based on observation and learning with one's heart and mind. It is closer to the Greek etymology for "philosophy," which means "love of knowledge" or "love of wisdom."
This is not to say the Lexicon is useless, but it should be understood that it is no longer the Bible. It hasn't been for a long time."
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Selina
23/9/2021 11:29:36 am
Thanks for sharing the intriguing & illuminating etymology of Chinese characters - it’s one of the most delightful & magical way to be linked to the mind set of the past. Chinese writing is an archaeological treasure trove!
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